Trace
Elements in West Virginia CoalsTrace
Elements in West Virginia Coals
Important References on Trace Elements in Coal
Anonymous, 1995, Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke D121-94, Part 19, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 137-148, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA
Anonymous, 1999, National Coal Quality
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quality databases. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS 0120-99
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Anonymous, USGS Minerals Information web site at: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/antimony/
Anonymous, Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
for NOx control, International Energy Agency Coal Research - The
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http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/CCTdatabase/scr.htm
Bauer, Francie, (1997), Selenium and Soils in the Western United States, Electronic Green Journal, November 1997, no.7, University of Wyoming Libraries: http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj07/bauer.htm
Beck, H.L. and Miller, K.M., (1980), Some radiological aspects of coal combustion, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., NS-27, 689-694.
Bennett, B.G., (1981), Exposure commitment assessments of environmental pollutants, MARC Rep., No. 23, 59pp.
Blake, B.M., Jr, Keiser, A.F. and Rice, C.L., (1994), Revised stratigraphy and nomenclature for the Middle Pennsylvanian Kanawha Formation in southwestern West Virginia, In: Elements of Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Central Appalachian Basin, Geological Society of America Special Paper 294 (ed. C.L. Rice), pp. 41-53, Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America
Bragg, L.J., and others, (1998), U.S. Geological Survey Coal Quality (COALQUAL) Database; Version 2.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-134, available on the World Wide Web at URL: http://energy.er.usgs.gov/products/databases/coalqual/
Brown, H.R. and Swaine, D.J., (1964), Inorganic constituents of Australian coals, J. Inst. Fuel, (37), 422-440.
Cahill, R.A. and Shiley, R.H., (1981), Forms of trace elements in coal. Proc. Int. Conf. Coal Sci., Verlag Glückauf, GmbH, Essen, 751-755.
Finkelman, R.B., (1981), Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, No. OFR-81-99, 301pp., also PhD. Thesis, University of Maryland, 1980.
Finkelman, R.B., (1988), The inorganic geochemistry of coal: a scanning electron microscopy view, Scanning Micros., (2), 97-105.
Finkelman, R.B. and Aruscavage, P.J. (1981), Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coal, Int. J. Coal Geol., (1), 95-99.
Finkelman, R.B., Stanton, R.W., Cecil, C.B. and Minkin, J.A. (1979), Modes of occurrence of selected trace elements in several Appalachian coals. Am. Chem. Soc. Div., Fuel Chem. Prepr., (24) no.1, 236-241.
Finkelman, R.B. and Tewalt, S.J., (1998), Mercury in U.S. Coal. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0772, available on the World Wide Web at URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-772/
Fishbein, L., (1981), Sources, transport and alterations of metal compounds: an overview. I. arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and nickel. Environ. Health Perspect., (40), 43-64.
Gladney, E.S. and Owens, J.W., (1976), Beryllium emissions from a coal-fired power plant. J. Environ. Sci. Health, (A11), 297-311.
Gluskoter, H.J. and Lindahl, P.C., (1973), Cadmium - mode of occurrence in Illinois coals. Science, (188), 264-266.
Gluskoter, H.J., Ruch, R.R., Miller, W.G., Cahill, R.A., Dreher, G.B. and Kuhn, J.K., (1977), Trace Elements in Coal: Occurrence and Distribution, Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 499, Urbana IL, 154pp.
Hower, J.C., Ruppert, L.F. and Eble, C.F., (1999), Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, eastern Kentucky, International Journal of Coal Geology, (39), 141-153.
Hutcheon, J.M., (1953), The fuel industries and atomic energy - some common interests. J. Inst. Fuel, (26), 306-311.
Kimura, T., (1995), Geochemical Study
of Ishikari Coals, Hokkaido, National Institute for Resources and
Environment, Report of NIRE, No.15
Available on the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.aist.go.jp/NIRE/publica/hokoku/h15/h15_e.htm
Lightowlers, P.J. and Cape, J.N., (1988), Sources and fate of atmospheric HCl in the U.K. and western Europe. Atmos. Environ., (22), 7-15.
Lovering, T.G. (ed.), (1976), Lead in the environment, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pap., No. 957, 90pp.
Lyons, P.C., Outerbridge, W.F., Triplehorn, D.M., Evans, H.T. Jr., Congdon, R.D., Capiro, M, Hess, J.C. and Nash, W.P., (1992), An Appalachian isochron; a kaolinized Carboniferous air-fall volcanic-ash deposit (tonstein). Geological Society of America Bulletin, (104), 1515-1527.
Minkin, J.A., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C.L., Chao, E.C.T., Ruppert, L.F., Blank, H. and Cecil, C.B. (1984), Microcharacterisation of arsenic- and selenium-bearing pyrite in Upper Freeport coal, Indiana County, Pennsylvanian. Scanning Electron Microscopy (4), 1515-1524.
O. A. Beath Searchable Selenium Database at the University of Wyoming: http://www-lib.uwyo.edu/db/BSD/Default.htm
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1997, Concentrations of platinum group elements in 122 U.S. coal
samples. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-53
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Palmer, C.A. and Filby, R.H., (1983), Determination of mode of occurrence of trace elements in the Upper Freeport coal bed using size and density separation procedures, Proc. Int. Conf. Coal Sci., 365-368.
Palmer, C.A. and Filby, R.H., (1984), Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No.6 mine, Ohio, Fuel (63), 318-328.
PECH, (1980), Trace-Element Geochemistry of Coal Resource Development Related to Environmental Quality and Health, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 153 pp.
Renton, J.J., (1982), Mineral Matter in Coal, In: Coal Structure (ed. R.A. Meyers), pp. 283-326. New York: Academic Press, Inc.
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Smith, I.C. and Carson, B.L., (1978), Trace Metals in the Environment. Volume 3 - Zirconium, Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science, 405pp.
Smith, I.C. and Carson, B.L., (eds.), (1981), Trace Metals in the Environment. Volume 6 - Cobalt, Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science, 1202pp.
Smith, I.C., Carson, B.L. and Hoffmeister, F., (1978), Trace Metals in the Environment. Volume 5 - Iridium, Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science, 552pp.
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Swaine, D.J., (1980), Nickel in coal and flyash, In: Nickel in the Environment (ed. J.O. Nriagu), pp. 67-92, New York: Wiley
Swaine, Dalway J., 1990, Trace Elements in Coal. London: Butterworths, 278pp.
Walsh, P. R., Duce, R.A., and Fasching, J.L., 1979, Consideration of enrichment, sources, and flux of arsenic in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., (84), C4, 1719-1726
Ward, C.R, Corcoran, J.F., Saxby, J.D. and Read, H.W., (1996), Occurrence of phosphorus minerals in Australian coal seams, International Journal of Coal Geology, (30), 185-210
Weast, Robert C., Astle, Melvin J. and Beyer, William H., 1985,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 66th edition. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, nonpaginated
Winter, R., Leibnitz, E. and Otto, F. (1963), Occurrence of boron as a trace element in brown coals. tar distillates and electrode coke, Freiberg. Forschungsh. A., (299), 55-57
Zitco, V., (1975), Toxicity and pollution
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